Fly Away Peter, David Malouf Essay

â€Å"Two little dickie birds, Sitting on a wall; One named Peter, One named Paul. Fly away Peter! Fly away Paul! Come Back Peter! Come Back Paul!† Traditional Throughout ‘Fly Away Peter’ Malouf utilises a variety of literary techniques such as contrast, Imagery, Symbolism and foreshadowing to portray ideas and themes. The title ‘Fly Away Peter’ makes reference to the traditional English nursery rhyme ‘Two Little Dickie Birds’. Moulaf utilises this nursery rhyme to make the connection between themes within ‘Fly Away Peter’ and everyday life. â€Å"Two little dickie birds, Sitting on a wall;† These opening lines of the nursery rhyme introduce two of the main ideas within the novel. The two birds talked about in the nursery rhyme are Peter and Paul. the birds and are a reference to the motif of birds seen throughout the book. The birds are used to symbolise the idea of life being a continuous cycle that carries on regardless of the situation, â€Å"even here, in the thick of the fighting, there were birds†. For Jim the birds symbolised normality and provided a â€Å"private reassurance†. This provided Jim with a sense of normality in the middle of ‘hell’. In the rhyme the wall symbolises the sanctuary. The sanctuary symbolises the ‘garden of Eden’ and Moulaf has used the sanctuary to contrast the war. This is introducing the idea of good versus evil. A variety of techniques are used to introduce the sanctuary. Being a poet, Moulaf has used long flowing descriptions utilising descriptive language such as â€Å"intensely blue† â€Å"tobacco brown† â€Å"flared† and â€Å"piano-wires singing†. These add an extra level to the understanding and the natural beauty of the sanctuary. The sanctuary is also used to introduce another theme of the novel, two planes of live. Within the first sentence Moulaf uses a narrator voice to introduce the setting of the novel. With the Use of Jim being a narrator Moulaf foreshadows the idea of there being two planes of life. â€Å"a clumsy shape had been lifting itself out of an invisible paddock†. The invisible paddock talked about in the first sentence is foreshadowing of the introduction of the two planes of life. Moulaf is also using symbolism. The â€Å"invisible paddock† symbolises the sky, and as later introduced the view from the sky is the second plane of life. Moulaf has used the lines; â€Å"One named Peter, One named Paul† to link the characters of the book to the religious views and ways of living in the 1960’s. In the 1750’s the rhyme ‘Two Little Dickie Birds’ talked of two birds names Jack and Gill, in the early 1900’s the names were changed to the disciples ‘Peter and Paul’. In ‘Fly away Peter’ Moulaf has used this link between the birds name to introduce the religious connections. The bird peter symbioses Jim and Paul symbolises Ashley in the context of ‘Fly away Peter’. Throughout the novel Moulaf uses the literary technique of narration to tell parts of the story. â€Å"The world Jim found himself in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this narrator figure symbolises God. Jim and Ashley also symbolise angels. This references the first quote Moulaf placed in the front of the novel. The â€Å"divine creature† is an angel. Jim and Ashley are angels incarnated in a human form, and the ‘flying away’ is the time on earth and the coming back is the return to heaven. In the novel Jim dies from injuries sustained form a battle, and in this the cycle of his life is complete and he returns to heaven. The lines â€Å"Fly away peter, Fly away Paul† foreshadow Jim and Ashley going to fight in the war. The war is the complete contrast of the Sanctuary. The descriptive language used shows the contrast between the two locations. Moulaf describes the sanctuary using phrases such as â€Å"wooded country beyond† and â€Å"silvery scrub† in comparison to the description of the war; â€Å"The air was tormented† and â€Å"Deadly†. The war is over-run with rats, which are seen as creatures of evil, where as the sanctuary is full of birds which are  creatures of the sky. Moulaf also uses the cattle trucks to symbolise how the soldiers were treated. The trucks had a sign which read â€Å"eight horses or forty men† meaning the army treated the soldiers as if they were as replicable as cattle. The cattle trucks also took the cattle to the abattoir, likewise the cattle truck is taking the majority of the soldiers to their death. The rhyme itself is a cycle, the birds fly away and come back again â€Å"Come back Peter! Come back Paul!†. With the religious understanding and interpretation of the novel the coming back is returning to heaven, however the coming back can also be related to the quote at the beginning of the book, where it talks about â€Å"the stone will be our bed†, the returning is being buried in the earth. Moulaf introduces the theme of digging early in the novel, however this motif is used when Jim is dying. During war digging symbolises a grave, and after a long exposure to war Jim assumes digging has to be for a grave â€Å"a grave it must be†. During Jim’s stream of consciousness before his death he meets Clancy, the first hint that Jim has either passed on or is hallucinating. Clancy instructs Jim to dig, â€Å"That’s the style! Dig†. When you are buried you are returned to the earth, and hence returned to the stone. This is part of the continuous cycle of life. The lines â€Å"Come Back Peter! Come Back Paul!† foreshadow the ending of the novel and complete the cycle, which is one of the key themes Moulaf is portraying. Moulaf has used a variety of literary techniques such as contrast, Imagery, Symbolism and foreshadowing to portray ideas and themes throughout ‘Fly Away Peter’. Malouf focuses on the theme the continuous circle of life to illustrate the connection between the novel and life â€Å"the places, the stories of a life that was continuous elsewhere†.

Court News Essay

Editorial Despite our report of the 30th November regarding her majesty’s speech to the House of Commons in which she stated she would act only for the good of her people, it has to be admitted that there is still an air of disquiet in the country regarding the future of the monarchy. The queen, although still in good health in body and mind, is now in her 68th year and the length of her reign is unprecedented. The future of a Protestant monarchy must be assured for the sake of the country, its stability and role in Europe. Around the World It is reported by our correspondent in Utrecht that a burgher of that city, one Oliver Van Noort, a former inn keeper, has recently completed a three year voyage in which he claims to have sailed completely around the world. His voyage, which he reported in a letter to the authorities in the Netherlands caused much excitement. Theatre News, by J. Q. Adams Mr William Shakespeare, author of such entertainments as ‘Julius Caesar’ which was well received, has this year come up with two new plays in contrast. The Merry Wives of Windsor’ is a light hearted comedy to lift the dullest spirits. It features that lovable rogue, Falstaff. , known of course from earlier works. This can be seen for the price of one penny every Monday and Tuesday at the Globe Theatre, Southwark. As this is such a popular play there will be extra boat men around to ferry passengers. For those of a more serious turn of mind the tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, the title role being played by Mr Richard Burbage and the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, will be performed on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Fashion K. Emerson Spain continues to be a major influence upon English fashions. The work of Mistress Dinghen Vanderplasse with her knowledge of starching methods continues to be important, especially as ruffs remain in fashion, though they tend to be on smaller scale than on previous years. Silk, hand knitted, stockings were a popular present for many ladies this Christmas past, including her majesty, despite the cold weather. The majority though still prefer stockings of cloth or wool for both durability and warmth. The farthingale, so popular at court, as can be seen in her majesty’s recent portrait, has been estimated to have reached a width of 48 inches in some cases. Will this impractical garment continue to be fashionable in the new century? Recent Legislation by E. Cubberley The recently enacted, and much needed, Poor Law is already bringing changes in our society. It says much for the legislature that they have taken such care to ensure the care of unfortunates. Poor children will be properly apprenticed and trained in a trade as well as in their letters.. The richer member of society will fulfill their social obligations by providing supplies for the poorer folk in difficult times. No more should we have to report upon poor waifs being found starved to death in harsh weather s happened last winter when the harvest was so poor. And think of the benefit to the country of so many young people properly equipped for a trade This, together with the stopping of the monopolies which favored only a few, will benefit all of her majesty’s subjects.

The Effects Of Water Pollution On The Environment Essay

On December 7, 2007, a crane barge owned by Samsung Heavy Industries collided with Hebei Spirit, a crude carrier from Hong Kong, carrying 260,000 tons of crude oil. Due to this event, nearby residents suffered from the bad smell for a long time and sea creatures were killed in the contaminated water. There is another man-made pollutant of water nowadays. Waste water from factories or domestic places has flowed into waters, and as a result water pollution is getting more serious. Water shortage is also on the rise, but imagine a world where someone suffer from both water shortage and water pollution. To prevent further pollution and to conserve the environment, it is crucial to be aware of the effects of water pollution. Water pollution incurs not only environmental damage but also health problems and economic losses. First, the water pollution results in environmental issues. The enrichment of water by various nutrients can be of a natural eutrophication and cultural eutrophication. Natural eutrophication is accumulation and flow of nutrients to water resulting in changes to the species composition of the community. It has been occurring for a millennia, but the most important fact is that eutrophication is often increased by human activities. Eutrophication by human activities is called â€Å"Cultural eutrophication†. Cultural eutrophication process is the more faster than natural eutrophication. There are two main anthropogenic components of pollutants from humanShow MoreRelatedWater Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1408 Words   |  6 Pages Water pollution is caused by impurities in water eg, lakes,rivers, oceans and even drinking water. This contaminated water can be the result of many different types of pollution whether it is natural or man made pollutants that pollute the water. This can have a significant impact on the environment as a whole. Moreover there are a number of other related issues that can be attributed to water pol lution such as death and diseases. Water pollution actually accounts for the deaths of approximatelyRead MoreThe Effects of Water Pollution on the Environment986 Words   |  4 Pages!! Water has come out with its new, outrageously risque album, â€Å"Make Them Wet†. Their top singles, â€Å"toxicWASTE†, â€Å"I Got Fishes†, and â€Å"#fertilizer† are included on the album. This album has gotten negative reviews by the EPA, claiming that it causes eutrophication and affects the environment of its listeners, calling it â€Å"industrial waste†. However, Water has already sold 2 million copies of â€Å"Make Them Wet† worldwide, and has announced its next album, â€Å"Pollute Me, Baby†. Dirty, isn’t it? Water wasn’tRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Pollution On Environment And The Environment1450 Words   |  6 PagesPollution is defined as the contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that are harmful to living org anisms. Excessive levels of pollution are causing a lot of damage to plants, and human and animal health, This is a major problem in the environment today; pollution effects are certainly prominent in todays world. Without realizing it we as humans contribute to the waste and contamination to both our bodies and the environment around us. In addition there are also many other causes toRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Pollution On The Environment1322 Words   |  6 PagesImagine how bad these issues would be if they were in your neighborhood. The effects would be catastrophic but one major issue that most americans don t realize and have been spoiled to never being without is Clean Water. Water is a major concern all around the world but here in america we have rarely experienced any type of serious water shortages. Just because america has never had any problem such as lack of clean drinkable water doesn t mean it won t happen in the future. We are rapidly using allRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment970 Words   |  4 PagesWater covers almost 75% of the earth’s surface and is undoubtedly our most precious natural resource that exists on our planet today. There won’t be any living organism on our planet without water. Water Pollution occurs when a body of water is severely affected due to addition of large amount of materials to the water.[Missouri Botanical Garden] Pollutions such as sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. At high levels, nutrients can over stimulate the growthRead MoreWater Pollution and Its Effects on the Environment5759 Words   |  24 PagesWater Pollution and Its Effects on the Environment Water is probably the most important resource we as people have. Humans can survive without food for several weeks, but without water we would die in less than a week. On a slightly less dramatic note, millions of liters of water are needed every day worldwide for washing, irrigating crops, and cooling industrial processes, not to mention leisure industries such as swimming pools and water-sports centers. Despite our dependence on water, we useRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Pollution On The Environment1269 Words   |  6 PagesWater pollution is often impaired by anthropogenic contaminants that are classified into either a point source of pollution or nonpoint source of pollution. The introduction of harmful toxins in an aquatic food chain can result in high levels of contamination in fish, which can be harmful to humans who eat them. State and national agencies monitoring our waters is essential to understanding the effects of water degradation. Every state in the United States has developed standards for fish consumptionRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Effect On The Environment1846 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Water can be said to be â€Å"polluted†, on the introduction of harmful materials in such a way that its natural qualities are so transformed as to contaminated its usefulness. Alternatively, render it offensive to the sense of smell, sight or taste. Water pollution has many definitions. However, the essential elements of most definitions are the concentration of a particular pollutant in water for a sufficient period to cause a certain effect. If it related health such as the ones causedRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1323 Words   |  6 Pagesworld billions of people do not have access to the clean water they need. They either have to travel miles to get clean water or they have to settle for the unsafe water near them. Water is polluted daily by trash and waste chemicals. There is an island made from trash in the Pacific Ocean and each day it continues to grow. Communities of people die each year for drought, life that could otherwise be saved if only they had access to water. It is possible to stop all these deaths from occurring altogetherRead MoreWater Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1556 Words   |  7 Pages You see a sewer or pipe line dumping wastewater or sewage into a river, lake, or ocean. Ask yourself this question: would you drink from that water source? You see a sea otter or a seal swimming in water that has been contaminated by oil from an oil spill. Ask yourself another question: would you live in these waters? You see what you know as acid rain directly pounding onto a stream, lake or river. Ask yourself a final question would you eat the vegetation or the fish that directly come into contact

A Brief Note On Deborah And The United States Essay

Introduction Deborah is a 65-year-old First Nations woman living in northern Ontario, and who has type-II diabetes. After leaving high school in grade 11 and eventually working a 35-year career as a secretary at an elementary school in a poor neighbourhood in Toronto while raising her three children, Deborah retired nine years ago and moved back to her home community, where she is an active member on the Council and is a regular volunteer. As a child, Deborah’s parents worked long hours in manual labour jobs on their reserve to provide for their five children; Deborah is the youngest of her family, and two of her siblings also have type-II diabetes. While working, Deborah earned slightly less than $30,000/year, and she has since lived off of her small pension and government assistance. Deborah’s income and lack of full education have contributed to her generally low socioeconomic status. This, partnered with her Aboriginal status, put Deborah at a significantly higher r isk than the general Canadian population to develop type-II diabetes. This essay will examine how these social determinants have increased Deborah’s risk for type-II diabetes, and how Deborah’s situation fits within the context of overall Aboriginal health in Canada. Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Type-II diabetes mellitus (also referred to as simply type-II diabetes or T2DM) is a chronic disease in which individuals are unable to produce adequate amounts of insulin from the pancreas, or who are unable to use anyShow MoreRelatedMale or Female? Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pages In this piece the author, Deborah Blum, explores the relationship that gender plays both in our biological make up and in society. Blum is a Pulitzer Prize recipient who is well known for her scientific journalism. Working for the Sacramento Bee Blum she has published a wide verity of pieces but is most known for her book The Poisoner’s Handbook. In this piece titled â€Å"Gender Blur† she asks the astonishing question of: do the gender roles of our culture reflect an underlying biology, and, in turnRead MoreLaw As A Career : The Lawyer s Role Quality And Education Requirements1154 Words   |  5 PagesWorking as a lawyer in society makes you a professional an d an ofï ¬ cer of the court, charged with the duty of working within the frame work of the law, which is based upon federal and state constitutions, written legislations and judicial decisions issued by competent courts. Take an example of the United States, a lawyer has a dual role as advocate and as an advisor. As an advocate, the lawyer assists in the administration of justice. The American courts operate under the adversarial system inRead MoreSupreme Court Cases on Separation of Church and State Clauses1907 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States of America was founded on the basis of religious freedom. Judgment on the legality of the Separation of Church and State should not be based on one’s religion. The phrase â€Å"Separation of church and state† sometimes known as the â€Å"wall of separation between church and state,† is a phrase used by Thomas Jefferson in understanding the two clauses of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States: the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. The Establishment ClauseRead MoreTitle Ix And Its Impact On American Sports2369 Words   |  10 Pages Title IX consists of just thirty-seven words, and it is these words that have transformed the dynamics within the female athletic sphere in the United States. Although the federal law was initially envisioned to assist women in academia, it is currently renowned for its profound impact on American sports (Ware). It is an irrefutable fact that Title IX has vastly increased women’s participation in sports: the law has reportedly increased female participation rates within colleges six-fold from 1972—theRead MoreManaging for the Future Organizational Behavior Processes7280 Words   |  30 Pages14 Leadership $7.00 Total Cost of Custom Text Non-Customized Version - ISBN 0-324-05575-7 s9chusetts Institute of Technology ~-~ SOUTH-WESTERN ,., CENGAGE Learning Australia†¢ Brazil†¢ Japan†¢ Korea†¢ Mexico. Singapore. Spain. United Kingdom. United States r Deborah Ancona Sloan School ofManagement Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology Thomas A. 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In this capacity he taught classes and conducted training with Division I Athletes and the U.S. Army to improve their athletic, academic, and leadershipRead MoreLanguage as a Social Construction of Reality.4593 Words   |  19 PagesLanguage and the Social Construction of Reality: Spinning Social Reality with Euphemisms Steve Eliason Montana State University, Billings ABSTRACT This paper describes an exercise I use in my introductory sociology classes that introduces students to language and the social construction of reality process. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is widely taught in introductory sociology classes and suggests that we perceive the world in terms of our own language, and that individual languages produce differentRead MoreHistory5499 Words   |  22 Pagesuniformity of work based on commonality of inï ¬â€šuence; in Schuyler’s view, black artists cannot vary substantially from their white peers. As a result, claims to some sort of uniquely racial creative perspective are specious at best. As Jeffrey B. Leak notes in Rac(e)ing to the Right: Selected Essays of George S. Schuyler (2001), this position presages the commentary of Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray, and like them, Schuyler leaves himself open to accusations of assimilationism, charges that led many

Main Theme Of Shrek - 1274 Words

Vincent Garcia Lisa Smith English 101 7 November 2017 Shrek The movie Shrek is a fairytale that you can watch with family. It’s a movie that not only entertains, but it also teaches valuable lessons. Shrek puts the viewers in awe and gets them excited, so this movie is definitely worth watching! One of the main themes in this movie is the acceptance of people for who they truly are. In this movie we witness a lot of prejudice, or just assumptions. People assume that because someone looks a certain way that they are dangerous. Appearances are deceiving, and this movie shows us exactly that. To begin, you should all know that Shrek is not your normal fairytale. This†¦show more content†¦As the auction takes place, Donkey is supposed to be sold because he has the amazing ability of talking just like humans. He does not want to be sold or used for entertainment. Therefore, when it is his turn to be sold, he is asked to talk but he doesn’t. Lucky for him Tinker Bell was nearby and some of her pixie dust fell on Donkey and he was able to fly for a while. Donkey made fun of the guy that was supposed to be buying him and thought he would get away. To his surprise, that did not last, and it resulted in him being chased by all the guards. He and the guards were surprised to find Shrek roaming through the forest, resulting in the guards running away from Shrek and leaving Donkey alone. After the guards leave, Shrek is left with Donkey and he wonders why Donkey is still lingering around. He wonders why Donkey isnt afraid of him and asks him to leave him alone and to go with his friends. Donkey clarifies to him that cant go with his friends because he has no friends. Shrek does not seem to care, he wants his privacy. Donkey does not seem to care either and he follows him all the way to his precious home, his swamp. Donkey does not seem thrilled of the idea of having to be in Shreks shack; but he rather be with Shrek in the shack than alone. He asks Shrek where hes supposed to sleep because according to Donkey he is going to spend the night but little does he know Shrek is fed up with him and just wants to be leftShow MoreRelatedShrek: A Review Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagescase with DreamWorks’ new film: Shrek. Yes it starts off â€Å"once upon a time† and may even end with â€Å"they lived happily ever after,† but the characters are lovable in a whole new way, not just for their charm and exceptional looks; the theme of the movie teaches great life lessons that every child and adult should know and the soundtrack is the phenomenal icing on top of the cake. The movie is named after the main character: Shrek, voice played by Mike Myers. Shrek is not your usual leading manRead MoreShrek, An Animated Fanstasy Comedy Film Directed By Andrew Adamson And Vicky Jenson1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe film I have chosen to analyze is the film Shrek, an animated fanstasy-comedy film, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson. Major actors include, Mike Myers as Shrek, Eddie Murphy as Donkey, and Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona. The film was officially released in May 18th, 2001. The blockbuster movie Shrek was nominated Favorite Motion Picture, also winning more than thirty-one awards. Shrek is a green ogre who realizes that his swamp has been overruned by the devious Lord Farquaad. In hisRead MoreShrek Is A Fairytale That You Can Watch With Family1605 Words   |  7 PagesVincent Garcia Lisa Smith English 101 7 November 2017 Shrek The movie Shrek is a fairytale that you can watch with family. It’s a movie that not only entertains, but it also teaches valuable lessons. Shrek puts the viewers in awe and gets them excited, so this movie is definitely worth watching! One of the main themes in this movie is the acceptance of people for who they truly are. In this movie we witness a lot of prejudice, or just assumptionsRead MoreEssay shrek review675 Words   |  3 Pages Shrek The GRRR-eatest Farytale Never told!!! Finally, a family film you can sink your teeth into. Based on a William Steig’s book about a green ogre. This computer animated film is aimed at children as well as adults. And what a excellent story line. The theme of the film is comedy. The general message was that it does not matter if your pretty or ugly looking. It matters what’s in the inside not the outside. When it comes to computer-generated motion pictures, Shrek has once more raisedRead MoreMgm Studios And Stuart Little2157 Words   |  9 PagesWhether the story is about a tiny mouse or a gigantic ogre, there is magic in storytelling and bringing to life characters that relate their challenges of being unique. By comparing and contrasting two films, Shrek (2001) by DreamWorks Studios and Stuart Little (1999) by Sony Studios, the reader will better understand the dynamics of successful family entertainment with regards to the â€Å"Disney model†. Over the years family appropriate content, style and marketing has allowed for non-Disney producedRead MoreSleeping Beauty1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe story of Sleeping Beauty has evolved over time and has been changed slightly throughout the different versions. It has changed in order to fit social norms for the time and context has been altered to appeal to the current audiences. The three main versions of Sleeping Beauty are the Charles Perrault in 1697, which was adapted from the original fairy tale Sun, Moon, and Talia by Giambattistas Basile in 1634. Perraults version was a tale of rape, adultery and cannibalism. The Brothers Grimm interpretationRead MoreDragon as a Metaphor1646 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause in the last sentence â€Å"Beowulf the price of this last victory will be great.† the treasure, which may be gold, and riches could also be interpreted to refer his soul, and unlocking it from greed, lust, and sin. In the film â€Å"Kung Fu Panda† Po, the main character has battle through adversity to unlock his true power, after he gets the â€Å"dragon scroll†. In this clip: http://youtu.be/l06Rfyu05Ao Po battles Tai Lung, an evil tiger who seeks revenge on his master for not making him the dragon warrior.Read MoreThe Characters of Shrek and Lord Farquaad Essay2752 Words   |  12 PagesThe Characters of Shrek and Lord Farquaad In this essay I am going to analyse the characters of Shrek and Lord Farquaad. I will also explore the different presentational devices used by the film creators of Shrek to craft an unusual fairytale. This film cost $6 million to produce. It is based on a traditional fairytale type story but subverted. The film was produced by Dreamworks - Steven Spielbergs production company. Dreamworks make animated films. It has a rivalRead MoreHow Pop Culture Shapes Us and the Environment1478 Words   |  6 Pagesshapes us and the environment The term popular culture, or pop culture, often refers to the ideas, values and goods that arise from mass media. This mass media includes books, magazines, movies, and television. In American popular culture two themes are prevalent: a materialistic one and a simplistic one. The materialistic one, that is popular in times of prosperity, stresses that happiness comes out of material goods, while the simplistic one says that happiness comes out of modesty and spiritualityRead MoreShrek Essay Topics1971 Words   |  8 Pagesthe repetitive melody that pops up every now and then just to remind you that everything is interconnected such as a â€Å"big bright beautiful world† from Shrek the Musical or â€Å"Unlimited† from Wicked. This is the constant reminder of the main theme of the musical and is usually the tune of the overture and then mentioned in the first song with the main character. Take a â€Å"Big Bright Beautiful World† for example. This is an easily ob vious example of it as it is also the title of the first song. Shrek’s

School Lunches Essay Example For Students

School Lunches Essay A visit to a school lunchroom at noon would quickly dispel any preconceived view of how lunch goes down in children. Most youngsters will dive for the cookies first eat a bite or two out of the sandwich and the apple, throw away the rest, and turn to the serious business of snack foods. There are approximately 25 million children in 93,000 schools who receive breakfast and lunch through the school cafeteria. Although research has shown that eating healthy at an early age helps youngsters develop good eating habits, these lunches and breakfasts are loaded with fat, sodium, sugar and are low in fiber. ?A nutritious diet will positively affect the performance of a student work? (Sherman 18). Nutrition is the process by which a living being takes food and supplies it as nourishment to live and grow properly. The government needs to realize that good nutrition and nutrition education are two essential ingredients in a school health program and in education. Beatrice Trum Hunter in her art icle ?Upgrading School Lunches? says that the Federal government set up the National School Lunch Program in 1946 and later the school breakfast program. ?The reasons for this is, there was a growing surplus of certain subsidized agricultural products and many children in the country were going through theentire day without sufficient nutrition? (Hunter 146-147). According to Barbara Meeks dietitian at Warren Local Schools, during War World II soldiers were so malnourished the National Government decided that children were not being properly educated and nourished. The government started the commodities service so that young soldiers would be in better health to fight in wars (Meeks). The programs were administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). While the National Institute of Health, tells people to avoid fats and cholesterol, the U.S. Department of Agriculture feeds kids eggs, cheese and fatty sausages for breakfast. Through this program, the government bought a sur plus of meat, cheese, milk, and butter from farmers (McCarty 22). They provided these products free to school districts. However, even in its founding, these programs offered children foods that were high in fat and cholesterol (McCarty 22). These commodities are not necessarily based on childrens nutritional needs. ?The fact is, school lunches are more a matter of politics than of commonsense? (Krizmanic 98). The school lunch and breakfast program supplies sufficient nutrients to children who might otherwise not getting enough food at home. The program menu reads like a fast-food restaurant containing such things as cheeseburgers, pizza, hot dogs, and Whole milk, which are all high in cholesterol and fat (Pratt 3). A non-nutritious diet has fostered a multitude of health problems in school age children. ?The obesity rate among school age children has doubled in the last 10 years? (Sherman 18). ?In a recent USDA report it reveals that school meals have 85 percent more sodium, 50 percent more saturated fat and 25 percent more fat in all, based on the departments recommendation for a healthy diet? (?Why? 28). ?Of 545 schools surveyed only one meets the governments guideline for keeping saturated fat under 10 percent? (Bricklin 48). ?A typical school lunch contains about 35-40 percent of calories from fat, relying to much on meat and animal based foods (Cornell). ?The school menu is a management tool which has a major role in controlling the compliance the compliance of federal regulations, nutrient content, meal acceptability, food and labor cost, food purchasing, food production, equipment use and needs, and the employee training needs? (Menu 12). Planning a successful menu requires several areas of knowledge such as the goals, requirements and recommendations of the breakfast and lunch programs, food costs, what foods are available, students food preferences, food preparation and a meal that will be well accepted by the school-age customer being served (?Menu? 5). It is required that students be offered all five food items of the meal. When approved by the local school food authority students are allowed to choose three to four food items within the lunch pattern. Because school food service plays such an important role in the health and nutrition education of children, cafeterias are encouraged to reduce fat, sugar, and salt in school meals to the extent that is acceptable (?Menu? 4). However, cholesterol and fat are essential for a healthy body metabolism, particularly during periods of active growth and development, when energy needs are high (Kowalski 29). Cholesterol, a waxy chemical that is manufactured in the liver, is essential for the bodys proper functioning (Kowalski 29). It helps build new cells and repair old ones. It acts as a building block for the brain, nerves, internal organs, and several hormones found naturally in the human body (Kowalski 30). Women as Leaders EssayThe U.S. Department of Agriculture has issued a new food pyramid to guide school classrooms and cafeterias to nutritional daily food choices. ?Starting with plenty of breads, cereals, rice, and pasta, vegetables, fruits, two to three servings from the dairy group and meat group provides some, but not all of the nutrients you need (?Menu? 9). No one food group is more important than another. Good health requires them all. Nutritional education also develops critical thinking skills. This skill provides support for all nutritional information and assists individuals in making appropriate food choices. Good nutrition is a critical component of overall wellness(?Center?). It improves childrens nutritional status and helps to increase their overall physical, mental, and developmental health. It will improve school performance and overall cognitive development. Eating healthy early on, helps children develop good habits that will stick with them and undoubtedly lowe r their risk of heart disease in the long run(Kowalski 29). In the short run, a nutritious diet will positively affect performance in school work. To meet the requirements of the National School Lunch Program, a school lunch must contain a specified quantity of each of the food components such as meat or meat alternate, vegetable or fruit, bread or grain, and milk (?Menu? 12). The current pattern of food based menus for school lunches has changed from the past. The meat requirement was three ounces, but now is two. Fruit and vegetable requirements have raised from ? cups to one cup, the bread and grain requirements changed from eight servings per week to 12 to 15 servings per week and a minimum of one serving per day (?Menu? 14). Students claim that school lunches are lukewarm, tasteless, and soggy (Sherman 18). The government needs to recognize the importance of providing high quality foods that promotes health in both the short and long term. ?Today the National School Lunch Program is an atherogenic atrocity, contributing to future heart disease? (?Menu? 6). The educational system needs to modify fat, sodium, cholesterol, and sugar levels in the commodities donated to the schools for lunches and to teach students good nutrition in the classroom. The menu is the focal point of the school lunch and breakfast programs. It is the basis to have ultimate satisfaction of students appetites. AbstractSchool lunches and breakfasts have been in schools since 1946 when the National School Lunch Act was established. The program was started to ensure the safeguard of the health and well being of children. It was designed for the means of three things: to provide nutritious and reasonably priced lunches to school childre n, contributes to a better understanding of good nutrition, and teaches good food habits. The school food service has become a basic part of the nations schools. The national government needs to realize the importance of school meals and what they contribute to children. BibliographyWorks CitedBricklin, Mark. ?Fixing the School Lunch Crisis.? Prevention (April 1994): 47-48. Brus, Brian. ?Free Lunches Offer Chance for Problems.? The Daily Oklahoma July 5, 1995: 1. Cornell University. ?New School Lunches.? Healthwise September 14, 1996. Florida Center for Technology in Physical Activity. ?School Nutrition Coalition.? Internet. ?Healthier School Lunches.? Parents Magazine. August 1994: 24. Hunter, Beatrice Trum. ?Upgrading School Lunches. ?Consumers? Research? October 1996. ?Is School Nutrition Out to Lunch Education Digest. November 1993: 54-56. Kowalski, Robert E. Cholesterol and Children. New York 1988: 27-32Krizmanic, Judy. Going Vegetarian. New York 1994: 13-42. Meek, Barbara. Personal Interview. 4 March 1997?Menu Planning Guide for School food Service?, Program Aid No. 1260: 4-16McCarty, Colman. ?The School Lunch Program.? Surviving at School: 22; 44-46 Pratt, Steve. ?Ready or Not, Schools Have to Adapt to New Lunch Guidelines.? Chicago Tribune August 23, 1995: 3. Sherman, Heidi. ?Healthy School Lunches.? Sassy November 1996: 18. ?The struggle to Make School Lunches Nutritious.? Education Digest October 1988: 55-58. Thompson, Courtenay. ?Cafeteria Cuisine.? The Oregonian November 1995: BO2. ?Why is Everyone Griping About School Lunches Current Health 2 January 1995: 27-29. Williams, Debbie. Personal Interview. 1 March 1997. Education Essays

Orange marketing

Executive Summary Orange is a leading mobile phone network service provider in UK. The company has succeeded in the market due to its strong brand image, ability to offer a variety of products and the use of innovative distribution channels. UK’s mobile phone industry is characterized with intense competition, high regulation, saturation and slow growth.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Orange marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These threats have negatively affected mobile phone network operators. Orange for instance, has experienced a reduction in subscriptions and market share. Thus, Orange should implement an effective marketing strategy in order to improve its competitiveness. In particular, appropriate marketing objectives should be pursued, the marketing mix, as well as, segmentation, targeting and positioning should be improved. Marketing Strategy for a UK Branded Mobile Phone Network Pr ovider Introduction In this report, a marketing strategy will be developed for Orange Ltd. Orange is a leading mobile phone network provider in the United Kingdom (UK). The essence of the report is to enable the management of Orange to understand the dynamics of the UK mobile phone market. It will also help in developing products that will enable the company to remain competitive and profitable. The report begins with a situational analysis of the UK mobile phone market. Recommendations on how to adapt Orange’s marketing strategy to the current situation will then be highlighted. Terms of Reference Background The UK mobile phone market is characterized with intense competition and slow growth. Consequently, mobile phone network providers must develop effective marketing strategies in order to overcome the competition. Purpose In this report, a situational analysis will be conducted on the UK mobile phone market. Based on this analysis, recommendations will be made on how Oran ge can enhance its competitiveness through an effective marketing strategy. Scope The report will include a detailed analysis of the external environment, as well as, the internal environment of Orange. The recommendations will focus only on the marketing strategy. Methodology The external environment will be analyzed using the PESTEL framework, while the internal environment will be analyzed using the SWOT analysis. Recommendations will be made with the aid of marketing concepts such as 7 P’s, segmentation, targeting and positioning. Secondary data will be used for the analysis.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitations The main limitation is the difficulty in finding accurate and latest information about Orange and the UK mobile phone industry. Thus, the statistics used in the report are assumed to be accurate. Situational Analysis PESTEL Analysis PESTEL anal ysis is a tool used by marketers to study the macro-environmental factors that influence competition in a given industry. These factors include political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Factors Political factors are the government policies that affect the operation of businesses in a given country. The UK is one of the most politically stable countries in Europe (Jain 2007, pp. 471-492). The country is governed through a constitutional monarchy. The political stability enhances investments since it minimizes risks such as wars which can negatively affect businesses. In order to promote rapid economic growth, the government supports local businesses through subsidies, removal of tariff barriers to trade, bailouts and effective regulation. Currently, the government has implemented economic stimulus packages and austerity measures in order to promote economic growth. Economic Factors UK has the sixth largest economy in the world and the thir d largest in Europe, according to nominal GDP measures. In January 2010, UK left the recession it entered into in 2009, following the 2008/2009 global financial crisis (Michael 2011, pp. 420-431). UK recorded an increase in GDP by 0.8% in 2011 and is expected to record a GDP growth of 1.2% in 2012. Hence, the business cycle of UK is at its recovery stage. UK’s GDP per capita is $39,604, according to 2011 estimates (Dungey 2011, pp. 123-130). In January 2012, UK’s inflation rate was 3.6%, down from 4.2% in December 2011. The Bank of England lowered its interest rate to 0.5% in 2011 in order to enhance economic growth. Thus, unemployment rate has since reduced from 11.9% in 2009 to 8.1% in 2011. Nearly 60% of UK’s population is made up of median income earners, while 14% lives below the poverty line. The implication of these statistics is that UK has a large consumer market with a high purchasing power.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on O range marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social Factors According to the 2001 census, UK’s population is estimated to be 60 million people. Approximately two thirds of the population consists of individuals between the age of 15 and 60 years. This age group consists of the youth who spend their leisure time on entertainment through hand-held devices such as smart-phones. It also consists of the working class that highly depends on mobile phones for communication, organization of personal schedules and entertainment (Khuong 2011, pp. 357-372). Generally, consumerism remains very high in UK, despite the decline in economic growth. This has resulted into high consumption of luxurious and high quality goods and services. For instant, in 2011, the rate of mobile phone penetration in UK was 130%. Over 90% of the population has access to mobile phones, hence the high demand for mobile phone network services. Technological Fact ors UK invests approximately 3% of its total GDP on research and development (RD). The government promotes RD through incentives such as tax credits and direct investments (Antolin Manez 2011, pp. 641-659). UK has a high rate of technological transfer as illustrated by the sharp increase in the number of patents, copyrights and licenses issued in regard to new discoveries in the last decade. Emerging technologies such as 3G/ 4G network, cloud computing and broadband internet, have enabled mobile phone network operators to offer new services. The operators have also been able to use efficient distribution channels and offer excellent customer services through these technologies. Environmental Factors Environmental factors such as weather patterns impact provision of mobile phone network services. For example, floods and earthquakes can destroy network infrastructure or equipment. They can also interfere with the quality of network signal. Environmental risks are low in UK since the country is less susceptible to natural calamities such as floods and earthquakes (Fudge 2011, pp. 789-808). Legal UK has an effective legal framework that guides business activities. Business regulation focuses on consumer protection and promotion of fair trade. The mobile phone industry is highly regulated. The government regulates the content of data services provided by the mobile phone network companies.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government also controls calling rates through price caps (Ward Woroch 2010, pp. 18-32). Licenses for operating on new technologies such as 4G are obtained at exorbitant fees from the industry regulator. The high regulation impacts negatively on the revenues of mobile phone companies. Orange’s Differential Advantage Differential advantage refers to â€Å"the benefit(s) of a product that customers value and believe they can not obtain anywhere else† (Peters Donnelly 2010, p. 67). Sustainable differential advantage can be achieved by emphasizing psychological, as well as, functional values of a product. A differential advantage enables a firm to increase its market share and profitability. Orange’s differential advantages include the following. Orange is the best provider of online entertainment services via mobile phones. The company offers over 50 entertainment channels which cover cinemas, sports and music. The services are of high quality since they are based on high definition (HD) and 3D technology (Orange 2012, 10-600). Orange is also one of the few UK companies that have applied for 4G network technology license. The new network will enable the company to provide the best signal quality and the fastest internet access. Finally, Orange has introduced new services that suit the lifestyles of its customers. For example, it introduced contactless payment services which enable customers to pay for their shopping using their mobile phones. In a nutshell, Orange’s unique selling point includes high quality products, as well as, a variety of tailor-made products. By differentiating its products on the basis of quality, Orange has been able to achieve a competitive edge in UK. Competitive edge refers to â€Å"the ability to gain advantage over the competition in terms of one or more elements of the marketing mix that is valued by the potential customers† (Dhar Winer 2010, p. 76). The competitive edge has enabled Orange to increase its customers, thereby becoming the third largest firm by market size in the industry. Additionally, the firm has been able to maintain an average growth of 10% on profits in the last three years. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a tool used by marketers to analyze a firm’s internal and external environment. In particular, it enables the firm to identify its weaknesses and strengths, as well as, the threats and opportunities in the industry. Strengths Orange has the following strengths. First, Orange has a large customer base that consists of over 16.5 million mobile phone service subscribers (Orange 2012, 10-600). Second, Orange has formed a joint venture with T-mobile. The joint venture has enabled Orange to reduce its operating costs and to access additional capital for investments. Additionally, Orange has been able to access more customers, thereby increasing its profits. Third, Orange has a strong brand image that is recognized for high quality and a variety of services (Orange 2012, 10-600). Finally, the company has innovative distribution channels that improves customer satisfaction and lowers distribution costs. Weaknesses First, Orange has been experiencing a reduction in broadband subscriptions. Initially, Orange was operating on 2G and 3G networks which had a relatively slow internet connection. This led to high customer dissatisfaction. Second, Orange’s market share has reduced in the last three years due to high competition. Finally, the joint venture with T-Mobile will limit Orange’s control over its operations and services in UK (Orange 2012, pp. 10-600). Lack of full control over operations might deny Orange the opportunity to implement strategies that will enable it to overcome competition. Opportunities Orange has the following opportunities. First, the contactless payment segment of the market has not been fully exploited since only a few firms serve it. Thus, Orange has the opportunity to increase its revenue b y serving this segment. Second, the launch of 4G technology in UK is an opportunity for Orange to increase efficiency; to launch new products and to improve the quality of existing products (Giachetti Marchi 2010, pp. 1123-1150). Threats First, UK’s mobile phone industry is approaching its maturity or saturation stage. Consequently, there will be very little or no chance for growth in the future. Second, the economic crisis in Europe can negatively affect UK, thereby reducing expenditure on mobile phone services (Michael 2011, pp. 420-431). Third, high regulation, especially, on prices is likely to reduce Orange’s revenues. Finally, high competition is likely to reduce Orange’s market share and profits. Recommendations Orange can enhance its competitiveness by leveraging its strengths and exploiting the opportunities available in the industry. Additionally, it should minimize its weakness and the risks posed by the threats in the industry. This can be achieved by considering the following recommendations. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Segmentation refers to â€Å"the process of grouping people or organizations within a market according to similar needs, characteristics or behavior† (Bradley 2005, p. 54). It helps marketers to identify the kind of customers that exist in a market and their needs. Orange should embark on market segmentation because it is often difficult if not impossible to satisfy all tastes and preferences. Additionally, firms that focus on a particular market segment are often more profitable. Orange can segment its market based on the following variables. To begin with, the company can focus on demographic factors (Hassan Craft 2005, pp. 81-89). Different age groups have different needs in regard to phone usage. For example, the teenagers are more likely to use phones for entertainment than adults. The working class is likely to use mobile phones for business transactions. Additionally, expenditure on mobile phone services varies across income groups. Thus, it is necessary to offer products that are tailor-made for every segment. For instance, more TV channels can be provided to target the teenagers, while low cost call services can be introduced to target low income earners. Segmentation can also be based on the benefits sought by the customers (Simkin 2007, pp. 464-474). For example, fast internet and data services can be provided to the business community, while contactless payment services can be provided to shoppers. Orange can also segment its market based on behavior. In this case, the company should focus on building brand loyalty in order to retain its customers. Finally, usage rate and user status can be used to segment the market. For example, relatively cheap services can be offered to heavy users of the network to enhance their loyalty. Additionally, customers can be group as post-paid and pre-paid clients in order to provide flexible service payment options. Targeti ng is the process through which one or more segments are selected. Targeting should take into account the extent to which existing segments are being served (Bradley 2005, p. 77). It will be much easier for Orange to appeal to customers in the internet/ data and contactless payment services since these segments have not yet been fully exploited. The size of the segment should also be taken into account since it determines profitability. In this context, the middle class that forms 60% of the population should be targeted. Specific groups within this segment such as the working class and the business community should be targeted with tailor-made products. Finally, Orange must take into account its ability to serve the selected segments. Currently, Orange is financially stable and has a well established brand, especially, in data and call services. Hence, it is capable of offering tailor made services for new and existing segments. Positioning, involves using marketing techniques such as advertising to create a mental image of a product in the customer’s mind (Kalafatis, Tsogas Blankous 2000, pp. 416-437). Orange should position itself by emphasizing the service features that are valued by each segment. For example, Orange can position itself as the provider of the fastest and cheapest internet in the data segment. It can also position itself as the provider of a variety of high quality entertainment services. Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives help a firm to address its weaknesses and to take advantage of available opportunities. Marketing objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound. Thus, Orange can consider the following marketing objectives: To improve customer satisfaction (broadband services) by 20% in the next 2 years To increase market share by 5% in the next 2 years To provide 99% 4G network coverage in the next 12 months To increase contactless payment service subscription by 15% in the next 18 months Marketing Mix: 7P’s The 7P’s refers to â€Å"product, price, promotion, place, packaging, positioning and people† (Bradley 2005, p. 91). The 7P’s are used as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing strategy. Orange should assess its existing products to determine if they meet the needs of the customers. Products should be improved regularly in order to adapt them to the changing needs of the customers. Given the high competition in the market, Orange should focus on penetration pricing to increase its market share. Additionally, it can charge premium prices for high quality products that target high income earners. This will help in increasing profits. Promotion refers to the activities and techniques used to inform customers about a product. In this context, Orange’s adverts should emphasize the main features of its products. Additionally, a variety of advertising media such as print and electronic media should be used to rea ch many customers. Place refers to the actual location where the products are sold (Bradley 2005, p. 92). In order to increase sales, Orange should distribute its products through a wide range of channels such as online sales, retail shops and supermarkets. Packaging refers to the appearance of the product. In this case, the company should focus on including the features that are valued by the customers in its products. Given the high competition in the industry, Orange should position itself on the basis of service quality, variety, and excellent customer services. Finally, talented people should be hired and entrusted with the various marketing activities. This is because a marketing strategy can only be as good as the people who developed and implemented it. Conclusion The situational analysis reveals that UK’s mobile phone market is characterized with intense competition, high regulation and slow growth. These trends are the main threats in the industry. Orange’s m ain strengths include a strong brand image and financial stability (Orange 2012, pp. 10-600). Its main weakness is declining subscriptions, and market share. The introduction of 4G technology and new segments are the main opportunities in the industry. The current situation is likely to have a negative impact on Orange’s competitiveness if an effective marketing strategy is not put in place. The marketing strategy can be improved by enhancing the segmentation, targeting and positioning; setting appropriate marketing objectives and improving the 7P’s of marketing. References Antolin, M Manez, J 2011, ‘Multinationals, RD and Productivity: Evidence for UK Manufacturing Firms’, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 20 no. 2, pp. 641-659. Bradley, F 2005, International Marketing Strategy, Cengage learning, New York. Dhar, R Winer, R 2010, Marketing Management, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Dungey, M 2011, ‘A SVECM Model of the UK Economy and the Term P remium’, Journal of Economics and Management, vol. 34 no. 2, pp. 123-130. Fudge, S 2011, ‘Behavior Change in the UK Climate Debate: an Assesment of Responsibility, Agencies and Political Dimensions’, Sustainability, vol. 6 no. 3, pp. 789-808. Giachetti, C Marchi, G 2010, ‘Evolution of Firm’s Product Strategy over the Life-Cycle of Technology-Based Industries: a Case Study of Global Mobile Phone Industry’, Business History, vol. 52 no. 7, pp. 1123-1150. Hassan, S Craft, S 2005, ‘Linking Global Marketing Segmentation Decision with Strategic Positioning Options’, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 22 no. 2, pp. 81-89. Jain, S 2007, ‘Global Competition’, Journal of Economics and Management, vol. 21 no. 3, pp. 471-492. Kalafatis, S, Tsogas, M Blankous, C 2000, ‘Positioning Strategies in Business Marketing’, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, vol. 15 no. 6, pp. 416-437. Khuong, V 2011, ‘ICT as a Source of Economic Growth in the Information Age: Emperical Evidence from 1996-2005 Period’, Telecommunications Policy, vol. 35 no. 4, pp. 357-372. Michael, J 2011, ‘From Plan B to Plan V: What the UK Economy Need to Reboot and Grow’, Journal of Economics and Management, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 420-431. Orange 2011, Annual Financial report: 2011 FY, Orange, London. Peters, P Donnelly, J 2010, Marketing Management, McGraw-Hill, New York. Simkin, L 2007, ‘Achieving Market Segmentation from B2B Sectorisation’, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 23 no. 7, pp. 464-474. Ward, M Woroch, G 2010, ‘The Effect of Prices on Fixed and Mobile Phone Penetration’, Information Economics and Policy, vol. 22 no. 1, pp. 18-32. This assessment on Orange marketing was written and submitted by user Lane Walton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.